ABSTRACT
Steaming is a traditional processing method of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In this paper， taking the Collection of Processing Methods of TCM （Ancient Times） as a clue and checking the original herb books， the historical evolution of TCM steaming was sorted out and analyzed from four aspects， including steaming method， steaming variety， quality control method of steaming process， and steaming purpose. The results showed that the steaming method was originated from the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period. Afterwards， a total of 56 steaming methods were recorded. The most steamed varieties recorded in Song dynasty were 104， and the most newly added varieties in Song dynasty were 90. The steamed varieties recorded in the processing specifications of southern provinces and cities were higher than those of northern provinces and cities， including 43 in Guangdong province. The quality control of steaming process in Tang dynasty included steaming time， steaming times， softening by steaming， etc. In the Song dynasty， the steamed until aroma and sweet and steaming rotten were increased. In the Ming dynasty， the poisonous drugs steamed until no numbness of tongue and nontoxic was increased， and in the Qing dynasty， steaming and moistening was added. The main purposes of steaming in the past dynasties were recorded as enhancing the tonic effect， moderating the medicinal properties， reducing side effects， etc. In modern times， the purposes of preserving medicinal effects and facilitating storage were increased. From the perspective of the historical process of steam development， the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period to the Han dynasty were the embryonic period of steam development， the Southern and Northern dynasties， Tang and Song dynasties were the rapid periods of steam development， and the Ming and Qing dynasties were the prosperous periods of steam development. This paper can provide reference for the research and development of steaming technology.
ABSTRACT
Lingnan， locating on the southern coast of China， is a major distribution center of Chinese medicinal materials and imported southern medicine. It is also a well-known patent medicine production base and a foreign trade port. This paper collected relevant historical documents of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） industry of Lingnan in different times， including Chinese herbs， decoction pieces， Chinese patent medicines and TCM shops. TCM industry of Lingnan originated from the Qin dynasty， and began to develop slowly from the Qin and Han dynasties to the southern and northern dynasties. Private drugstores appeared from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Yuan dynasty， and pharmaceutical commodity production appeared in the Ming dynasty. The TCM industry reached its peak in Qing dynasty， and the modern economic form of the TCM industry appeared during the Republic of China （1912—1949）. It is of great significance for the inheritance， development and innovation of TCM industry of Lingnan to sort out its development history and clarity its development context.
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Objective@#To compare the effects of different types of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity steady training on improving cardiorespiratory fitness of college students, and to provide evidence supporting intervention methods for health promotion of college students.@*Methods@#By using the method of Meta-analysis, Web of science, PubMed, Scopus and CNKI database was searched for randomized control trails regarding high-intensity intervention (HIIT), repeated-sprint training (RST) and sprint-interval training (SIT) among sedentary college students in April 1, 2020. Two independent researchers conducted literature filtering, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, as well as traditional Meta-analysis and network Meta-analysis by using Stata software version 16.0.@*Results@#A total of 21 articles and 728 participants were included. Meta-analysis showed that HIIT (SMD=0.35, 95%CI=0.10-0.60, P<0.05) and SIT (SMD=0.38, 95%CI=0.05-0.70, P<0.05) were significantly better than MICT, there was no statistical difference in RST (SMD=-0.08, 95%CI=-0.41-0.25, P>0.05) compared with MICT; HIIT (SMD=0.40, 95%CI=0.08-0.72, P<0.05) and SIT (SMD=0.35, 95%CI=0.03-0.67, P<0.05) were significantly better than RST, there was no significant difference between HIIT and SIT(SMD=0.05, 95%CI=-0.25-0.36, P>0.05). The ranking of the four training methods for improving the effect size of VO 2max index was HIIT>SIT>RST>MICT.@*Conclusion@#The overall effect of high intensity interval training on VO 2max is better than MICT, and HIIT training may be the best.
ABSTRACT
Lingnan region is located in the southernmost part of China. Under the influence of its unique regional conditions, climate environment, humanistic concepts and other factors, Lingnan region has formed its unique processing methods and characteristic varieties of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) decoction pieces. Through literature searching, the formation of Lingnan characteristic processing of TCM was expounded from the aspects of Lingnan climate, physical characteristics of Lingnan people and pharmaceutical characteristics of Lingnan medicine, etc. By comparing the similarities and differences of processing technologies between the all edition of Guangdong processing specifications and the 2015 edition of China Pharmacopoeia, characteristic varieties of Lingnan TCM decoction pieces were excavated and sorted out, which were prepared by steaming, wine steaming, salt steaming, vinegar steaming and other methods. TCM preparation of Lingnan region has distinctive local characteristics and profound cultural deposits, to sort out these TCM preparation is conducive to the inheritance, development and innovation of Lingnan characteristic processing, and at the same time, it can provide basis for the clinical service of TCM and the development of clinical new drugs of TCM.
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Objective Forkhead box Q1 (FOXQ1) is highly expressed but its biological role remains unclear in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). This article aims to investigate the effect of FOXQ1-siRAN on the proliferation of TPC-1 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods Synthetic FOXQ1-siRNA and NC-siRNA were transfected into TPC-1 cells by lipofectamineTM2000. The cells were divided into five groups: NC-siRAN, FOXQ1-1, FOXQ1-2, FOXQ1-3 and blank control. After transfection, the expressions of the FOXQ1 mRNA and protein, as well as those of c-Myc and cyclinD1 proteins, were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot, and the changes in the proliferation of the TPC-1 cells observed by MTT.Results Compared with the blank control and NC-siRAN groups, the FOXQ1-3 group showed a significantly inhibited expression of FOXQ1 mRNA (P<0.05). The protein expression of FOXQ1 was markedly decreased in the FOXQ1-1, FOXQ1-2 and FOXQ1-3 groups in comparison with that in the NC-siRAN group (0.54±0.07, 0.40±0.07 and 0.26±0.06 vs 0.78±0.08, P<0.05). The proliferation of the TPC-1 cells was remarkably lower in the FOXQ1-3 than in the blank control and NC-siRNA groups (P<0.05), and so were the relative protein expressions of c-Myc (0.57±0.04 vs 1.05±0.07 and 0.92±0.06, P<0.05) and cyclinD1 (0.51±0.10 vs 0.94±0.12 and 0.91±0.11,P<0.05).Conclusion Silencing the FOXQ1 gene can effectively inhibit the proliferation of TPC-1 cells in TPC, probably by suppressing the expressions of c-Myc and cyclinD1.
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Spinal cord injury is a serious trauma of the spinal and nervous system, local tissue destruction and microcirculation disturbance can lead to a more serious spinal cord injury and extensive necrosis of neurons. Spinal cord injury often accompany with Inflammation reaction producing a variety of cytokines and bioactive substances, result in macrophage polarization. M1 macrophages polarization are induced by IFN-γ, LPS, TNF-α and so on, it show the damage and proinflammatory effect. M2 macrophages polarization are caused by IL-4, IL-10, IL-13 and show the recovery and anti-inflammatory effect. However, clinical treatment after spinal cord injury is very limited, inhibition of proinflammatory and promotion of anti-inflammatory by regulating the M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages is a new direction for the treatment of spinal cord injury. The article will review different phenotype and function of macrophages after spinal cord injury.
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In this paper, the status of adjuvant standard for Chinese materia medica processing in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, the National Specification of Chinese Materia Medica Processing, and the 29 provincial specification of Chinese materia medica was summarized, and the the status including general requirements, specific requirements, and quality standard in the three grade official specifications was collected and analyzed according to the "medicine-adjuvant homology" and "food-adjuvant homology" features of adjuvants. This paper also introduced the research situation of adjuvant standard for Chinese materia medica processing in China; In addition, analyzed and discussed the problems existing in the standard system of adjuvant for Chinese materia medica processing, such as lack of general requirements, low level of standard, inconsistent standard references, and lack of research on the standard, and provided suggestions for the further establishment of the national standards system of adjuvant for Chinese materia medica processing.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5 in multiple myeloma (MM) cells and whether they mediated the effects of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIF-1) alpha on the proliferation and migration of MM cells. Methods: CCR1 and CCR5 mRNA were quantified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in MM cell lines KM3, SKO 007, and XG-6. Cell proliferation was detected by MIT assay and Transwell migration assay was performed to identify the cell migration. Results: KM3 and XG-6 MM cells expressed CCR1 and CCR5, but SKO007 expressed CCR5 only. Treatment with CCR1 and/or CCR5 antibodies reversed the effects of MIP-1α on proliferation and migration of the three cell lines compared with control (P 0.05). Conclusion: KM3 and XG-6 MM cells expresss both CCR1 and CCR5 and SKO 007 expresss CCR5 only. Effects of MIP-1α on proliferation and migration were mediated by CCR1 or CCR5.
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This paper introduces the design and realization of the FIR dynamic filter by EP1C6Q240 of Cyclone of Altera Corporation, showing the hardware diagram of the filter and the process of calculating parameters, and compares and analyzes the B mode ultrasound images created by using the dynamic filter and by using the constant filter.